Job Automation Risk, Economic Structure and Trade: a European Perspective

Recent studies report that technological developments in machine learning and artificial intelligence present a significant risk to jobs advanced countries. We re-estimate automation at the job level, finding sectoral employment structure be key determining country level. At we find negative relationship between labour productivity. then analyse role of trade as factor leading structural changes consider relation aggregate by comparing hypothetical autarky actual situation. Results indicate with trade, is higher Europe, although moderately so. Automation high-productivity European countries non-European nations driving these results. This implies do not, on balance, offshore risk, but rather import it. The sectors show largest are manufacturing, transport finance.